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At the same time, Richard's vivid self-awareness looks forward to the soliloquies of Shakespeare's mature plays. William Shakespeare (døbt 26. april 1564, død 23. april 1616) var en engelsk digter, skuespilforfatter og skuespiller, der bliver bredt anerkendt som den største forfatter på engelsk og verdens største dramatiker. Im Juni 1604 war Edward de Vere gestorben. [38][39] Little evidence substantiates such stories other than hearsay collected after his death, and Shakeshafte was a common name in the Lancashire area.[40][41]. [43], Scholars differ on the exact meaning of Greene's words,[43][44] but most agree that Greene was accusing Shakespeare of reaching above his rank in trying to match such university-educated writers as Christopher Marlowe, Thomas Nashe, and Greene himself (the so-called "University Wits"). [80] His last three plays were collaborations, probably with John Fletcher,[81] who succeeded him as the house playwright of the King's Men. [237][j], During the Romantic era, Shakespeare was praised by the poet and literary philosopher Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and the critic August Wilhelm Schlegel translated his plays in the spirit of German Romanticism. Es lagen wohl elf Tage zwischen den beiden Todestagen. [192], Shakespeare's first plays were written in the conventional style of the day. The grand speeches in Titus Andronicus, in the view of some critics, often hold up the action, for example; and the verse in The Two Gentlemen of Verona has been described as stilted. Extant records of Shakespeare's property purchases and investments indicate that his association with the company made him a wealthy man,[53] and in 1597, he bought the second-largest house in Stratford, New Place, and in 1605, invested in a share of the parish tithes in Stratford. [135][136] Many critics believe that Shakespeare's greatest tragedies represent the peak of his art. [35] Later traditions maintain that he also played Adam in As You Like It, and the Chorus in Henry V,[61][62] though scholars doubt the sources of that information. As used here, Johannes Factotum ("Jack of all trades") refers to a second-rate tinkerer with the work of others, rather than the more common "universal genius". [120], Shakespeare's early classical and Italianate comedies, containing tight double plots and precise comic sequences, give way in the mid-1590s to the romantic atmosphere of his most acclaimed comedies. A series of scholarly editions of his work, notably those of Samuel Johnson in 1765 and Edmond Malone in 1790, added to his growing reputation. Zitat von William Shakespeare - Was geschehen ist, kann nicht ungeschehen... Biografie - William Shakespeare: Englischer Dramatiker, Lyriker und Schauspieler. [43][46], Greene's attack is the earliest surviving mention of Shakespeare's work in the theatre. These included run-on lines, irregular pauses and stops, and extreme variations in sentence structure and length. Heute wäre … Jeho otec bol v Stratforde považovaný za významného muža. [242] The playwright and critic George Bernard Shaw mocked the cult of Shakespeare worship as "bardolatry", claiming that the new naturalism of Ibsen's plays had made Shakespeare obsolete. [221][222], Shakespeare's influence extends far beyond his native England and the English language. Welcome to the Web's first edition of the Complete Works of William Shakespeare. [86], Shakespeare bequeathed the bulk of his large estate to his elder daughter Susanna[87] under stipulations that she pass it down intact to "the first son of her body". [47][48][49] After 1594, Shakespeare's plays were performed only by the Lord Chamberlain's Men, a company owned by a group of players, including Shakespeare, that soon became the leading playing company in London. [181] Both proved popular and were often reprinted during Shakespeare's lifetime. [97], Shakespeare was buried in the chancel of the Holy Trinity Church two days after his death. These writings were brought together in what is known as the First Folio ('Folio' refers to the size of the paper used). Nicholas Rowe, Shakespeare's first biographer, recounted a Stratford legend that Shakespeare fled the town for London to escape prosecution for deer poaching in the estate of local squire Thomas Lucy. This strength of design ensures that a Shakespeare play can survive translation, cutting and wide interpretation without loss to its core drama. [210] Until Romeo and Juliet, for example, romance had not been viewed as a worthy topic for tragedy. Of the tributes from fellow authors, one refers to his relatively sudden death: "We wondered, Shakespeare, that thou went'st so soon / From the world's stage to the grave's tiring room. ", † = Not published in the Beaumont and Fletcher folios, The "national cult" of Shakespeare, and the "bard" identification, dates from September 1769, when the actor, Individual play dates and precise writing span are unknown. The earliest play that is directly attributed to Shakespeare is the trilogy of "King Henry VI," with Richard III also being written around the same time, between 1589 and 1591. Geboren: 1564 - gestorben: 1616 Zeitspanne: 17. [13], William Shakespeare was the son of John Shakespeare, an alderman and a successful glover (glove-maker) originally from Snitterfield, and Mary Arden, the daughter of an affluent landowning family. [71] However, it is perhaps relevant that the bubonic plague raged in London throughout 1609. [234][235] By 1800, he was firmly enshrined as the national poet. Zitat von William Shakespeare Lyriker und Schauspieler. [7] They also continue to be studied and reinterpreted. For other persons of the same name, see, Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire, England, "He was not of an age, but for all time. Biographers suggest that his career may have begun any time from the mid-1580s to just before Greene's remarks. Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy in his lifetime. In Cymbeline, for example, Jupiter descends "in thunder and lightning, sitting upon an eagle: he throws a thunderbolt. That demand also led to the production of several fake portraits, as well as misattributions, repaintings, and relabelling of portraits of other people. [188][187], "Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? Nevertheless, poet and critic John Dryden rated Shakespeare highly, saying of Jonson, "I admire him, but I love Shakespeare". [79] After 1610, Shakespeare wrote fewer plays, and none are attributed to him after 1613. Das halten die Viktorianer für ganz große Kunst. ), Some time before 1623, a funerary monument was erected in his memory on the north wall, with a half-effigy of him in the act of writing. [205] Like all playwrights of the time, he dramatised stories from sources such as Plutarch and Holinshed. Half a century later, John Ward, the vicar of Stratford, wrote in his notebook: "Shakespeare, Drayton, and Ben Jonson had a merry meeting and, it seems, drank too hard, for Shakespeare died of a fever there contracted",[82][83] not an impossible scenario since Shakespeare knew Jonson and Drayton. Its plaque compares him to Nestor, Socrates, and Virgil. [102] In 1623, in conjunction with the publication of the First Folio, the Droeshout engraving was published. Bild »Franz Werfel« [M]: Carl Van Vechten, PD — Zeichenerklärung: [M] bearbeitet — Lizenztexte: CC BY-SA 3.0 — Infos zu Bildmaterial und Lizenzen auf geboren.am ›. [244] Eliot, along with G. Wilson Knight and the school of New Criticism, led a movement towards a closer reading of Shakespeare's imagery. William Shakespeare Burton ist heute vor 97 Jahren gestorben, er ist durch ein einziges Bild bekannt geworden. [189] He seems to have planned two contrasting series: one about uncontrollable lust for a married woman of dark complexion (the "dark lady"), and one about conflicted love for a fair young man (the "fair youth"). [138] The plots of Shakespeare's tragedies often hinge on such fatal errors or flaws, which overturn order and destroy the hero and those he loves. Although the performance records are patchy, the King's Men performed seven of Shakespeare's plays at court between 1 November 1604, and 31 October 1605, including two performances of The Merchant of Venice. He then wrote mainly tragedies until 1608, among them Hamlet, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, all considered to be among the finest works in the English language. However, in 1623, two fellow actors and friends of Shakespeare's, John Heminges and Henry Condell, published a more definitive text known as the First Folio, a posthumous collected edition of Shakespeare's dramatic works that included all but two of his plays. In particular, he expanded the dramatic potential of characterisation, plot, language, and genre. Jahrhundert 16. William Shakespeare starb vor 400 Jahren – bis heute ist die Todesursache ungeklärt. William Shakespeare (Stratford na Avonu, Engleska, 26. travnja 1564. [217], In Shakespeare's day, English grammar, spelling, and pronunciation were less standardised than they are now,[218] and his use of language helped shape modern English. [112][113][114] The Comedy of Errors was also based on classical models, but no source for The Taming of the Shrew has been found, though it is related to a separate play of the same name and may have derived from a folk story. [211] Soliloquies had been used mainly to convey information about characters or events, but Shakespeare used them to explore characters' minds. [232] Thomas Rymer, for example, condemned Shakespeare for mixing the comic with the tragic. In 1599, two early drafts of sonnets 138 and 144 appeared in The Passionate Pilgrim, published under Shakespeare's name but without his permission. 23. [64][66] By 1604, he had moved north of the river again, to an area north of St Paul's Cathedral with many fine houses. Wann ist william shakespeare gestorben über 80% neue . Wann ist william shakespeare gestorben über 80% neue . Most of Shakespeare's greatest post-1599 plays were written for the Globe, including Hamlet, Othello, and King Lear. 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. Jahrhunderts geboren. Among those who championed him were the writers Voltaire, Goethe, Stendhal, and Victor Hugo. William-Shakespeare-Urheberschaft behandelt die seit dem 18. [126] After the lyrical Richard II, written almost entirely in verse, Shakespeare introduced prose comedy into the histories of the late 1590s, Henry IV, parts 1 and 2, and Henry V. His characters become more complex and tender as he switches deftly between comic and serious scenes, prose and poetry, and achieves the narrative variety of his mature work. [137] Unlike the introverted Hamlet, whose fatal flaw is hesitation, the heroes of the tragedies that followed, Othello and King Lear, are undone by hasty errors of judgement. William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, dem Shakespeare vielleicht sogar seine Gedichte widmete, war so niedergeschlagen wegen des Verlusts von Burbage, dass er monatelang nicht ins Theater ging. 1, The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet, Mônica e Cebolinha: No Mundo de Romeu e Julieta, In Fair Palestine: A Story of Romeo and Juliet, A rose by any other name would smell as sweet, The History of Timon of Athens the Man-hater, Sly, ovvero La leggenda del dormiente risvegliato, A True Reportory of the Wracke and Redemption of Sir Thomas Gates, Knight, The Masque of the Inner Temple and Gray's Inn, Cultural depictions of John, King of England, with the life and death of Henry surnamed Hotspur. [239] In the 19th century, critical admiration for Shakespeare's genius often bordered on adulation. Marxist playwright and director Bertolt Brecht devised an epic theatre under the influence of Shakespeare. His father William was a successful local businessman, and his mother Mary was the daughter of a landowner. [60] In 1709, Rowe passed down a tradition that Shakespeare played the ghost of Hamlet's father. [127][128][129] This period begins and ends with two tragedies: Romeo and Juliet, the famous romantic tragedy of sexually charged adolescence, love, and death;[130][131] and Julius Caesar—based on Sir Thomas North's 1579 translation of Plutarch's Parallel Lives—which introduced a new kind of drama. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. [2][3][4] He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon" (or simply "the Bard"). Er kommt 1564 zur Zeit der Renaissance und Reformation zur Welt. "Hamlet" wurde gegen Ende des Jahres 1604 gedruckt. [26] The ceremony may have been arranged in some haste since the Worcester chancellor allowed the marriage banns to be read once instead of the usual three times,[27][28] and six months after the marriage Anne gave birth to a daughter, Susanna, baptised 26 May 1583. (1.7.35–38); "... pity, like a naked new-born babe/ Striding the blast, or heaven's cherubim, hors'd/ Upon the sightless couriers of the air ..." (1.7.21–25). [158][160][161], After the Lord Chamberlain's Men were renamed the King's Men in 1603, they entered a special relationship with the new King James. William Shakespeare (1564–1616) war ein englischer Dramatiker und Lyriker; er gilt als einer der bedeutendsten Schriftsteller der Weltliteratur. William Shakespeare ( bapt. The title page of the 1594 edition of Titus Andronicus reveals that the play had been acted by three different troupes. [37] Some 20th-century scholars suggested that Shakespeare may have been employed as a schoolmaster by Alexander Hoghton of Lancashire, a Catholic landowner who named a certain "William Shakeshafte" in his will. The American novelist Herman Melville's soliloquies owe much to Shakespeare; his Captain Ahab in Moby-Dick is a classic tragic hero, inspired by King Lear. William Shakespeare, einer der berühmtesten Dramatiker und Lyriker aller Zeiten, wurde wohl im April 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon geboren und dam 26. [177], Since 2004 a CD-ROM is available with the German Schlegel/Tieck-Translation and the English text. His last major tragedies, Antony and Cleopatra and Coriolanus, contain some of Shakespeare's finest poetry and were considered his most successful tragedies by the poet and critic T. S. [151][152][153] Shakespeare collaborated on two further surviving plays, Henry VIII and The Two Noble Kinsmen, probably with John Fletcher. [173], Alfred Pollard termed some of the pre-1623 versions as "bad quartos" because of their adapted, paraphrased or garbled texts, which may in places have been reconstructed from memory. [256][257][258], Around 230 years after Shakespeare's death, doubts began to be expressed about the authorship of the works attributed to him. Inscribed in Latin on his funerary monument: sfn error: no target: CITEREFShakespeare,_complete_works,_English_&_German._ISBN_978-3-89853-461-1 (, Church of the Holy Trinity, Stratford-upon-Avon, Oxfordian theory of Shakespeare authorship, "How Shakespeare was turned into a German", "Unser Shakespeare: Germans' mad obsession with the Bard", "Simon Callow: What the Dickens? He wrote 39 plays (with about half of them considered comedies) and two long poems in his lifetime. Sie beginnt es mit einer Aufführung der Komödie "Viel Lärm um nichts" von William Shakespeare im Berliner Theater. Doch die beiden großen Schriftsteller der englischen und spanischen Literatur starben trotzdem nicht am selben Tag. [18], Although no attendance records for the period survive, most biographers agree that Shakespeare was probably educated at the King's New School in Stratford,[19][20][21] a free school chartered in 1553,[22] about a quarter-mile (400 m) from his home. Hy het ongeveer 38 toneelstukke en 154 sonnette asook 'n verskeidenheid ander gedigte geskryf. It contained 36 texts, including 18 printed for the first time. Thou art more lovely and more temperate ...", —Lines from Shakespeare's Sonnet 18. Eliot argued against Shaw that Shakespeare's "primitiveness" in fact made him truly modern. Jahrhundert 16. His reception in Germany was particularly significant; as early as the 18th century Shakespeare was widely translated and popularised in Germany, and gradually became a "classic of the German Weimar era;" Christoph Martin Wieland was the first to produce complete translations of Shakespeare's plays in any language. Critics consider that its fine qualities are marred by leaden effects. Susanna, the first of their three children, was born six months later on 26 May 1583. [231] In the First Folio, Ben Jonson called Shakespeare the "Soul of the age, the applause, delight, the wonder of our stage", although he had remarked elsewhere that "Shakespeare wanted art" (lacked skill). was, despite numerous theories, or whether Shakespeare even authorised the publication. [207] As Shakespeare's mastery grew, he gave his characters clearer and more varied motivations and distinctive patterns of speech. [101][i], (Modern spelling: Good friend, for Jesus' sake forbear, / To dig the dust enclosed here. He was born on or around 23 April 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, the eldest son of John Shakespeare, a prosperous glover and local dignitary, and Mary Arden, the daughter of a wealthy farmer. [168] In 1613, Sir Henry Wotton recorded that Henry VIII "was set forth with many extraordinary circumstances of pomp and ceremony". Die Annahme, Shakespeare sei fast zeitgleich mit Cervantes gestorben, ist falsch. [208][209], Shakespeare's work has made a lasting impression on later theatre and literature. The listener is challenged to complete the sense. [121] A Midsummer Night's Dream is a witty mixture of romance, fairy magic, and comic lowlife scenes. Well, William Shakespeare was the greatest after all...", "Shakespeare Died a Nobody, and then Got Famous by Accident", "Did He or Didn't He? [58] The absence of his name from the 1605 cast list for Jonson's Volpone is taken by some scholars as a sign that his acting career was nearing its end. [203] In Macbeth, for example, the language darts from one unrelated metaphor or simile to another: "was the hope drunk/ Wherein you dressed yourself?" In the late 19th century, Edward Dowden classified four of the late comedies as romances, and though many scholars prefer to call them tragicomedies, Dowden's term is often used. Some scholars claim that members of Shakespeare's family were Catholics, at a time when practising Catholicism in England was against the law. 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If playback doesn't begin … William Shakespeare is widely regarded as one of the greatest writers in the English language. Shakespeare’s will (made on March 25, 1616) is a long and detailed document. Biographie Geboren 26.04.1564 in Stratford on Avon Gestorben 23.04.1616 Familienstand verheiratet, hatte 3Kinder, eines ist verstorben Biographie Werke Stil und Sprache 3 berühmte Tragödien Romeo und Julia Othello Hamlet Wirkung Shakespeares- Prominenz William Shakespeare Je často nazýván anglickým národním básníkem a „bardem z … William Shakespeare ist der wohl bekannteste Dramatiker der Welt. Dass er am 23. [69] In 1612, he was called as a witness in Bellott v Mountjoy, a court case concerning the marriage settlement of Mountjoy's daughter, Mary. [191] Critics praise the Sonnets as a profound meditation on the nature of love, sexual passion, procreation, death, and time. [250][251] No Shakespearean poems were included in the First Folio. [h] He did make a point, however, of leaving her "my second best bed", a bequest that has led to much speculation. Over the centuries, some readers have posited that Shakespeare's sonnets are autobiographical,[275] and point to them as evidence of his love for a young man. Signature. [190], The 1609 edition was dedicated to a "Mr. [245] By the 1980s, Shakespeare studies were open to movements such as structuralism, feminism, New Historicism, African-American studies, and queer studies. [182][183][184] The Phoenix and the Turtle, printed in Robert Chester's 1601 Love's Martyr, mourns the deaths of the legendary phoenix and his lover, the faithful turtle dove. [165] The popular comic actor Will Kempe played the servant Peter in Romeo and Juliet and Dogberry in Much Ado About Nothing, among other characters.